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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q16394


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name EXT1_HUMAN
Primary accession number Q16394
Secondary accession number Q9BVI9
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on November 1, 1997
Sequence was last modified on March 27, 2002 (Sequence version 2)
Annotations were last modified on    November 4, 2008 (Entry version 87)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name Exostosin-1
Synonyms EC 2.4.1.224
EC 2.4.1.225
Glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan/N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Putative tumor suppressor protein EXT1
Multiple exostoses protein 1
Gene name
Name: EXT1
From
Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
TISSUE=Placenta;
DOI=10.1038/ng1095-137; PubMed=7550340 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Ahn J., Luedecke H.-J., Lindow S., Horton W.A., Lee B., Wagner M.J., Horsthemke B., Wells D.E.;
"Cloning of the putative tumour suppressor gene for hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT1).";
Nat. Genet. 11:137-143(1995).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
TISSUE=Brain;
DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; PubMed=15489334 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
The MGC Project Team;
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-320.
TISSUE=Lung;
DOI=10.1006/geno.1996.4577; PubMed=9119404 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Luedecke H.-J., Ahn J., Lin X., Hill A., Wagner M.J., Schomburg L., Horsthemke B., Wells D.E.;
"Genomic organization and promoter structure of the human EXT1 gene.";
Genomics 40:351-354(1997).
[4]
SUBUNIT, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
DOI=10.1006/bbrc.2000.2219; PubMed=10679296 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Kobayashi S., Morimoto K., Shimizu T., Takahashi M., Kurosawa H., Shirasawa T.;
"Association of EXT1 and EXT2, hereditary multiple exostoses gene products, in Golgi apparatus.";
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268:860-867(2000).
[5]
FUNCTION.
PubMed=11518722 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Duncan G., McCormick C., Tufaro F.;
"The link between heparan sulfate and hereditary bone disease: finding a function for the EXT family of putative tumor suppressor proteins.";
J. Clin. Invest. 108:511-516(2001).
[6]
REVIEW ON VARIANTS.
DOI=10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(200003)15:3<220::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-K; PubMed=10679937 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Wuyts W., Van Hul W.;
"Molecular basis of multiple exostoses: mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes.";
Hum. Mutat. 15:220-227(2000).
[7]
VARIANTS EXT1 GLY-280 AND HIS-340.
Raskind W.H., Matsushita M., Conrad E.U. III, Wells D.E., Sandell L.J., Wagner M.J., Houck J.;
"Spectrum of EXT1 mutations in hereditary multiple exostoses.";
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 59:A280-A280(1996).
[8]
VARIANT EXT1 LEU-340.
PubMed=8981950 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Hecht J.T., Hogue D.A., Wang Y., Blanton S.H., Wagner M.J., Strong L.C., Raskind W.H., Hansen M.F., Wells D.E.;
"Hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT): mutational studies of familial EXT1 cases and EXT-associated malignancies.";
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60:80-86(1997).
[9]
VARIANTS EXT1 ASP-339 AND CYS-340.
PubMed=9326317 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Philippe C., Porter D.E., Emerton M.E., Wells D.E., Simpson A.H.R.W., Monaco A.P.;
"Mutation screening of the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses.";
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 61:520-528(1997).
[10]
VARIANTS EXT1 GLY-280 AND SER-340.
DOI=10.1086/301726; PubMed=9463333 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Wuyts W., van Hul W., de Boulle K., Hendrickx J., Bakker E., Vanhoenacker F., Mollica F., Luedecke H.-J., Sayli B.S., Pazzaglia U.E., Mortier G., Hamel B.C.J., Conrad E.U. III, Matsushita M., Raskind W.H., Willems P.J.;
"Mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in hereditary multiple exostoses.";
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:346-354(1998).
[11]
VARIANTS EXT1 GLY-280; SER-280; HIS-340 AND HIS-627 DEL.
DOI=10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)11:3<231::AID-HUMU8>3.3.CO;2-H; PubMed=9521425 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Raskind W.H., Conrad E.U. III, Matsushita M., Wijsman E.M., Wells D.E., Chapman N., Sandell L.J., Wagner M.J., Houck J.;
"Evaluation of locus heterogeneity and EXT1 mutations in 34 families with hereditary multiple exostoses.";
Hum. Mutat. 11:231-239(1998).
[12]
VARIANTS EXT1 HIS-164; 235-PRO--LYS-239 DEL AND SER-316.
DOI=10.1086/302532; PubMed=10441575 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Bovee J.V.M.G., Cleton-Jansen A.-M., Wuyts W., Caethoven G., Taminiau A.H.M., Bakker E., van Hul W., Cornelisse C.J., Hogendoorn P.C.W.;
"EXT-mutation analysis and loss of heterozygosity in sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas and secondary chondrosarcomas.";
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65:689-698(1999).
[13]
VARIANTS EXT1 VAL-486 AND LEU-496.
DOI=10.1007/s004390051062; PubMed=10480354 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Xu L., Xia J., Jiang H., Zhou J., Li H., Wang D., Pan Q., Long Z., Fan C., Deng H.-X.;
"Mutation analysis of hereditary multiple exostoses in the Chinese.";
Hum. Genet. 105:45-50(1999).
[14]
VARIANT EXT1 215-MET--SER-221 DEL, AND VARIANT OSTEOCHONDROMA 215-MET--SER-222 DELINS ILE.
DOI=10.1002/1097-0169(200102)48:2<149::AID-CM1005>3.0.CO;2-3; PubMed=11169766 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Bernard M.A., Hall C.E., Hogue D.A., Cole W.G., Scott A., Snuggs M.B., Clines G.A., Luedecke H.-J., Lovett M., Van Winkle W.B., Hecht J.T.;
"Diminished levels of the putative tumor suppressor proteins EXT1 and EXT2 in exostosis chondrocytes.";
Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 48:149-162(2001).
[15]
CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS, AND MUTAGENESIS OF GLN-27; ASP-164; ASN-316; ALA-486 AND PRO-496.
DOI=10.1086/321278; PubMed=11391482 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Cheung P.K., McCormick C., Crawford B.E., Esko J.D., Tufaro F., Duncan G.;
"Etiological point mutations in the hereditary multiple exostoses gene EXT1: a functional analysis of heparan sulfate polymerase activity.";
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:55-66(2001).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Glycosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of heparan-sulfate. The EXT1/EXT2 complex possesses substantially higher glycosyltransferase activity than EXT1 or EXT2 alone. Appears to be a tumor suppressor.
  • CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan = UDP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan.
  • CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan.
  • PATHWAY: Protein modification; protein glycosylation.
  • SUBUNIT: Forms a homo/hetero-oligomeric complex with EXT2.
  • INTERACTION:
    P26441:CNTF; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-1046007, EBI-1050897;
    Q92882:OSTF1; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-1046007, EBI-1051152;
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Note=The EXT1/EXT2 complex is localized in the Golgi apparatus.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitous.
  • DISEASE: Defects in EXT1 are a cause of hereditary multiple exostoses type 1 (EXT1) [MIM:133700]. EXT is a genetically heterogeneous bone disorder caused by genes segregating on human chromosomes 8, 11, and 19 and designated EXT1, EXT2 and EXT3 respectively. EXT is a dominantly inherited skeletal disorder primarily affecting endochondral bone during growth. The disease is characterized by formation of numerous cartilage-capped, benign bone tumors (osteocartilaginous exostoses or osteochondromas) that are often accompanied by skeletal deformities and short stature. In a small percentage of cases exostoses have exhibited malignant transformation resulting in an osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma. Osteochondromas development can also occur as a sporadic event.
  • DISEASE: Defects in EXT1 are the cause of multiple exostoses observed in Langer-Giedon syndrome (LGS) [MIM:150230]; also known as trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 2 (TRPS2). It is a contiguous gene syndrome due to deletions in chromosome 8q24.1 and resulting in the loss of functional copies of EXT1 and TRPS1.
  • DISEASE: Defects in EXT1 may be a cause of chondrosarcoma [MIM:215300].
  • SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.
  • WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/EXT1ID212.html";.
  • WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.genetests.org/query?gene=EXT1";.
  • WEB RESOURCE: Name=GGDB; Note=GlycoGene database; URL="http://riodb.ibase.aist.go.jp/rcmg/ggdb/";.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
S79639; AAB62283.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC001174; AAH01174.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
U70539; AAC51154.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
RefSeq NP_000118.2; -.
UniGene Hs.492618
3D structure databases
HSSP Q9ES89; 1OMX. [HSSP ENTRY / PDB]
ModBase Q16394.
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct Q16394; -.
Organism-specific databases
HGNC HGNC:3512; EXT1.
GenAtlas EXT1.
MIM 133700; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
150230; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
215300; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
608177; gene. [NCBI / EBI]
Orphanet 55880; Chondrosarcoma.
321; Exostoses, multiple.
502; Langer-Giedion syndrome.
PharmGKB PA27924; -.
GeneCards Q16394.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress Q16394; -.
CleanEx HS_EXT1; -.
GermOnline ENSG00000182197; Homo sapiens.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0000139; Cellular component: Golgi membrane (traceable author statement from UniProtKB).
GO:0030176; Cellular component: integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane (inferred from sequence or structural similarity from UniProtKB).
GO:0050508; Molecular function: glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity (inferred from sequence or structural similarity from UniProtKB).
GO:0042328; Molecular function: heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity (non-traceable author statement from UniProtKB).
GO:0050509; Molecular function: N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity (inferred from sequence or structural similarity from UniProtKB).
GO:0046982; Molecular function: protein heterodimerization activity (inferred from physical interaction from UniProtKB).
GO:0042803; Molecular function: protein homodimerization activity (inferred from direct assay from UniProtKB).
GO:0006024; Biological process: glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process (traceable author statement from ProtInc).
GO:0015014; Biological process: heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process (inferred from mutant phenotype from UniProtKB).
GO:0001503; Biological process: ossification (inferred from mutant phenotype from UniProtKB).
GO:0007165; Biological process: signal transduction (traceable author statement from ProtInc).
GO:0001501; Biological process: skeletal system development (traceable author statement from ProtInc).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR004263; Exostosin.
IPR015338; HexNAc_Trfase_a.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Pfam PF03016; Exostosin; 1.
PF09258; EXTL2; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
BLOCKS Q16394.
ProtoNet Q16394.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl ENSG00000182197; Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID 2131; -.
KEGG hsa:2131; -.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM Q16394; -.
HOVERGEN Q16394; -.
Other
NextBio 8611; -.
SOURCE EXT1; Homo sapiens.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
Anti-oncogene; Cell cycle; Disease mutation; Endoplasmic reticulum; Glycoprotein; Glycosyltransferase; Golgi apparatus; Hereditary multiple exostoses; Membrane; Signal-anchor; Transferase; Transmembrane.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer FT aligner logo Feature aligner
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
CHAIN   1   746  746     Exostosin-1. PRO_0000149648
TOPO_DOM   1     7  7     Cytoplasmic (Potential). 
TRANSMEM   8    28  21     Signal-anchor for type II membrane protein (Potential). 
TOPO_DOM   29   746  718     Lumenal (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   89    89        N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). 
CARBOHYD   330   330        N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). 
VARIANT   27    27  1     Q -> K (in EXT1; no loss of activity). VAR_012815 
VARIANT   164   164  1     D -> H (in EXT1; loss of activity). VAR_012816 
VARIANT   215   222  8     MLAKASIS -> I (in isolated osteochondroma; somatic mutation). VAR_012818
VARIANT   215   221  7     Missing (in EXT1). VAR_012817
VARIANT   235   239  5     Missing (in multiple osteochondromas). VAR_012819
VARIANT   280   280  1     R -> G (in EXT1; loss of activity). VAR_002370 
VARIANT   280   280  1     R -> S (in EXT1; loss of activity). VAR_002371 
VARIANT   316   316  1     N -> S (in chondrosarcoma; no loss of activity). VAR_012820 
VARIANT   339   339  1     G -> D (in EXT1; loss of activity). VAR_002372 
VARIANT   340   340  1     R -> C (in EXT1; loss of activity; still able to form an oligomeric complex). VAR_002373 
VARIANT   340   340  1     R -> H (in EXT1; loss of activity). VAR_002374 
VARIANT   340   340  1     R -> L (in EXT1; loss of activity). VAR_002375 
VARIANT   340   340  1     R -> S (in EXT1; loss of activity). VAR_002376 
VARIANT   486   486  1     A -> V (in EXT1; no loss of activity). VAR_012821 
VARIANT   496   496  1     P -> L (in EXT1; no loss of activity). VAR_012822 
VARIANT   627   627  1     Missing (in EXT1; loss of activity). VAR_002377
MUTAGEN   27    27        Q->A,P: No effect on heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
MUTAGEN   27    27        Missing: No effect on heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
MUTAGEN   164   164        D->E: Abolishes heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
MUTAGEN   164   164        Missing: Abolishes heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
MUTAGEN   316   316        N->A: No effect on heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
MUTAGEN   316   316        Missing: No effect on heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
MUTAGEN   486   486        A->H: No effect on heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
MUTAGEN   486   486        Missing: No effect on heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
MUTAGEN   496   496        P->H: No effect on heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
MUTAGEN   496   496        Missing: No effect on heparan-sulfate biosynthesis. 
CONFLICT   60    61        DA -> EP (in Ref. 1 and 3). 
Sequence information
Length: 746 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 86255 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: 842CD7E6C1312C1A [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MQAKKRYFIL LSAGSCLALL FYFGGLQFRA SRSHSRREEH SGRNGLHHPS PDHFWPRFPD 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
ALRPFVPWDQ LENEDSSVHI SPRQKRDANS SIYKGKKCRM ESCFDFTLCK KNGFKVYVYP 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
QQKGEKIAES YQNILAAIEG SRFYTSDPSQ ACLFVLSLDT LDRDQLSPQY VHNLRSKVQS 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
LHLWNNGRNH LIFNLYSGTW PDYTEDVGFD IGQAMLAKAS ISTENFRPNF DVSIPLFSKD 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
HPRTGGERGF LKFNTIPPLR KYMLVFKGKR YLTGIGSDTR NALYHVHNGE DVVLLTTCKH 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
GKDWQKHKDS RCDRDNTEYE KYDYREMLHN ATFCLVPRGR RLGSFRFLEA LQAACVPVML 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
SNGWELPFSE VINWNQAAVI GDERLLLQIP STIRSIHQDK ILALRQQTQF LWEAYFSSVE 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
KIVLTTLEII QDRIFKHISR NSLIWNKHPG GLFVLPQYSS YLGDFPYYYA NLGLKPPSKF 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
TAVIHAVTPL VSQSQPVLKL LVAAAKSQYC AQIIVLWNCD KPLPAKHRWP ATAVPVVVIE 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
GESKVMSSRF LPYDNIITDA VLSLDEDTVL STTEVDFAFT VWQSFPERIV GYPARSHFWD 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
NSKERWGYTS KWTNDYSMVL TGAAIYHKYY HYLYSHYLPA SLKNMVDQLA NCEDILMNFL 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
VSAVTKLPPI KVTQKKQYKE TMMGQTSRAS RWADPDHFAQ RQSCMNTFAS WFGYMPLIHS 

       730        740 
QMRLDPVLFK DQVSILRKKY RDIERL 

Q16394 in FASTA format

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