ID   SYUB_HUMAN              Reviewed;         134 AA.
AC   Q16143;
DT   01-NOV-1997, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT   22-JUL-2008, entry version 73.
DE   RecName: Full=Beta-synuclein;
GN   Name=SNCB;
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC   Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC   Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE.
RC   TISSUE=Brain;
RX   MEDLINE=94252398; PubMed=8194594; DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(94)00395-5;
RA   Jakes R., Spillantini M.G., Goedert M.;
RT   "Identification of two distinct synucleins from human brain.";
RL   FEBS Lett. 345:27-32(1994).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   MEDLINE=99026142; PubMed=9806846; DOI=10.1006/geno.1998.5556;
RA   Lavedan C., Leroy E., Torres R., Dehejia A., Dutra A., Buchholtz S.,
RA   Nussbaum R.L., Polymeropoulos M.H.;
RT   "Genomic organization and expression of the human beta-synuclein gene
RT   (SNCB).";
RL   Genomics 54:173-175(1998).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA   Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S.,
RA   Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y.,
RA   Phelan M., Farmer A.;
RT   "Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor
RT   vector.";
RL   Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [4]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   TISSUE=Lung;
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA
RT   project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN   [5]
RP   PHOSPHORYLATION.
RX   MEDLINE=20409007; PubMed=10852916; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M003542200;
RA   Pronin A.N., Morris A.J., Surguchov A., Benovic J.L.;
RT   "Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled
RT   receptor kinases.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 275:26515-26522(2000).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Non-amyloid component of senile plaques found in
CC       Alzheimer disease. Could act as a regulator of SNCA aggregation
CC       process. Protects neurons from staurosporine and 6 hydroxy
CC       dopamine (6OHDA)-stimulated caspase activation in a p53-dependent
CC       manner. Contributes to restore the SNCA anti-apoptotic function
CC       abolished by 6OHDA. Not found in the Lewy bodies associated with
CC       Parkinson disease.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed predominantly in brain; concentrated
CC       in presynaptic nerve terminals.
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by G-protein coupled receptor
CC       kinases (GRK) is more efficient than phosphorylation by CK1, CK2
CC       and CaM-kinase II.
CC   -!- DISEASE: Brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA1, also called
CC       Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome), a rare neuroaxonal dystrophy, is
CC       histologically characterized by axonal spheroids, iron deposition,
CC       Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and
CC       neurofibrillary tangles. SNCB is found in spheroids but not in
CC       inclusions.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synuclein family.
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DR   EMBL; S69965; AAB30860.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF053136; AAC80286.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AF053134; AAC80286.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AF053135; AAC80286.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BT006627; AAP35273.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BC002902; AAH02902.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; S44430; S44430.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001001502.1; -.
DR   RefSeq; NP_003076.1; -.
DR   UniGene; Hs.90297; -.
DR   PhosphoSite; Q16143; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENSG00000074317; Homo sapiens.
DR   GeneID; 6620; -.
DR   KEGG; hsa:6620; -.
DR   H-InvDB; HIX0005445; -.
DR   HGNC; HGNC:11140; SNCB.
DR   HPA; CAB002681; -.
DR   MIM; 602569; gene.
DR   PharmGKB; PA35988; -.
DR   HOGENOM; Q16143; -.
DR   HOVERGEN; Q16143; -.
DR   ArrayExpress; Q16143; -.
DR   CleanEx; HS_SNCB; -.
DR   GermOnline; ENSG00000074317; Homo sapiens.
DR   GO; GO:0004859; F:phospholipase inhibitor activity; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   InterPro; IPR001058; Synuclein.
DR   InterPro; IPR002461; Synuclein_beta.
DR   Gene3D; G3DSA:1.10.287.700; Synuclein; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR13820; Synuclein; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR13820:SF4; Synuclein_beta; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF01387; Synuclein; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR01213; BSYNUCLEIN.
DR   PRINTS; PR01211; SYNUCLEIN.
DR   ProDom; PD010631; Synuclein; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Cytoplasm; Direct protein sequencing; Phosphoprotein; Repeat.
FT   CHAIN         1    134       Beta-synuclein.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000184035.
FT   REPEAT       20     30       1.
FT   REPEAT       31     41       2.
FT   REPEAT       42     56       3; approximate.
FT   REPEAT       57     67       4.
FT   REGION       20     67       4 X 11 AA tandem repeats of [EGS]-K-T-K-
FT                                [EQ]-[GQ]-V-X(4).
FT   MOD_RES     118    118       Phosphoserine; by BARK1, CK2 and GRK5.
SQ   SEQUENCE   134 AA;  14288 MW;  5BCA9FCA615AC4EF CRC64;
     MDVFMKGLSM AKEGVVAAAE KTKQGVTEAA EKTKEGVLYV GSKTREGVVQ GVASVAEKTK
     EQASHLGGAV FSGAGNIAAA TGLVKREEFP TDLKPEEVAQ EAAEEPLIEP LMEPEGESYE
     DPPQEEYQEY EPEA
//