[1]	NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(80)90426-2; PubMed=7438203 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Slightom J.L., Blechl A.E., Smithies O.; "Human fetal G gamma- and A gamma-globin genes: complete nucleotide sequences suggest that DNA can be exchanged between these duplicated genes."; Cell 21:627-638(1980).
[2]	NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(81)90302-0; PubMed=7332928 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Shen S., Slightom J.L., Smithies O.; "A history of the human fetal globin gene duplication."; Cell 26:191-203(1981).
[3]	NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT THR-76. TISSUE=Lung, and Placenta; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; PubMed=15489334 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] The MGC Project Team; "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
[4]	PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 32-60 AND 106-121, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. TISSUE=Brain, and Cajal-Retzius cell; Lubec G., Afjehi-Sadat L.; Submitted (MAR-2007) to UniProtKB.
[5]	OXIDATION AT LEU-142. PubMed=7690768 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Wilson J.B., Brennan S.O., Allen J., Shaw J.G., Gu L.H., Huisman T.H.; "The M gamma chain of human fetal hemoglobin is an A gamma chain with an in vitro modification of gamma 141 leucine to hydroxyleucine."; J. Chromatogr. A 617:37-42(1993).
[6]	X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.7 ANGSTROMS) OF HOMOTETRAMER. DOI=10.1110/ps.11701; PubMed=11514664 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Kidd R.D., Baker H.M., Mathews A.J., Brittain T., Baker E.N.; "Oligomerization and ligand binding in a homotetrameric hemoglobin: two high-resolution crystal structures of hemoglobin Bart's (gamma(4)), a marker for alpha-thalassemia."; Protein Sci. 10:1739-1749(2001).
[7]	ACETYLATION AT GLY-2. PubMed=5554303 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Stegink L.D., Meyer P.D., Brummel M.C.; "Human fetal hemoglobin F 1. Acetylation status."; J. Biol. Chem. 246:3001-3007(1971).
[8]	VARIANT BASKENT THR-129. PubMed=2454900 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Altay C., Gurgey A., Wilson J.B., Hu H., Webber B.B., Kutlar F., Huisman T.H.J.; "Hb F-Baskent or alpha 2A gamma 128(H6)Ala-->Thr."; Hemoglobin 12:87-89(1988).
[9]	VARIANT BEECH ISLAND ASP-54. PubMed=2417989 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Chen S.S., Wilson J.B., Webber B.B., Huisman T.H.J.; "Hb F-Beech Island or alpha 2A gamma 2(53)(D4)Ala-->Asp."; Hemoglobin 9:525-529(1985).
[10]	VARIANT BONAIRE ARG-40. PubMed=6186637 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Nakatsuji T., Headlee M., Lam H., Wilson J.B., Huisman T.H.J.; "Hb F-Bonaire-Ga or alpha 2 A gamma 2 39(C5) Gln replaced by Arg, characterized by high pressure liquid chromatographic and microsequencing procedures."; Hemoglobin 6:599-606(1982).
[11]	VARIANT CALLUNA ARG-13. PubMed=6199326 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Nakatsuji T., Lam H., Huisman T.H.J.; "Hb F-Calluna or alpha 2 gamma 2(12 Thr replaced by Arg; 75Ile; 136Ala) in a Caucasian baby."; Hemoglobin 7:563-566(1983).
[12]	VARIANT COBB GLY-38. PubMed=2419280 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Chen S.S., Webber B.B., Kutlar A., Wilson J.B., Huisman T.H.J.; "Hb F-Cobb or alpha(2)A gamma(2)37(C3)Trp-->Gly."; Hemoglobin 9:617-619(1985).
[13]	VARIANT DAMMAM ASN-80. PubMed=2411679 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Al-Awamy B.H., Niazi G.A., Al-Mouzan M.I., Wilson J.B., Chen S.S., Webber B.B., Huisman T.H.J.; "Hb F-Dammam or alpha 2A gamma 2(79) (EF3) Asp-->Asn."; Hemoglobin 9:171-173(1985).
[14]	VARIANT DICKINSON ARG-98. PubMed=4455303 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Schneider R.G., Haggard M.E., Gustavson L.P., Brimhall B., Jones R.T.; "Genetic haemoglobin abnormalities in about 9000 Black and 7000 White newborns; haemoglobin F Dickinson (Agamma97His-Arg), a new variant."; Br. J. Haematol. 28:515-524(1974).
[15]	VARIANT FUKUYAMA ASN-44. PubMed=2467893 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Hidaka K., Iuchi I., Nakahara H., Iwakawa G.; "Hb F-Fukuyama or A gamma T43(CD2)Asp-->Asn."; Hemoglobin 13:93-96(1989).
[16]	VARIANT HULL LYS-122. PubMed=6038320 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Sacker L.S., Beale D., Black A.J., Huntsman R.G., Lehmann H., Lorkin P.A.; "Haemoglobin F Hull (gamma-121 glutamic acid-->lysine), homologous with haemoglobins O Arab and O Indonesia."; BMJ 3:531-533(1967).
[17]	VARIANT IWATA ARG-73. PubMed=6163752 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Fuyuno K., Torigoe T., Ohba Y., Matsuoka M., Miyaji T.; "Survey of cord blood hemoglobin in Japan and identification of two new gamma chain variants."; Hemoglobin 5:139-151(1981).
[18]	VARIANT IZUMI GLY-7. DOI=10.1016/0167-4838(83)90231-5; PubMed=6197997 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Wada Y., Hayashi A., Masanori F., Katakuse I., Ichihara T., Nakabushi H., Matsuo T., Sakurai T., Matsuda H.; "Characterization of a new fetal hemoglobin variant, Hb F Izumi A gamma 6Glu replaced by Gly, by molecular secondary ion mass spectrometry."; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 749:244-248(1983).
[19]	VARIANT JAMAICA GLU-62. PubMed=5491586 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Ahern E.J., Jones R.T., Brimhall B., Gray R.H.; "Haemoglobin F Jamaica (alpha-2 gamma-2 61 Lys leads to Glu; 136 Ala)."; Br. J. Haematol. 18:369-375(1970).
[20]	VARIANT JIANGSU MET-135. PubMed=1703137 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Plaseska D., Kutlar F., Wilson J.B., Webber B.B., Zeng Y.-T., Huisman T.H.J.; "Hb F-Jiangsu, the first gamma chain variant with a valine->methionine substitution: alpha 2A gamma 2 134(H12)Val->Met."; Hemoglobin 14:177-183(1990).
[21]	VARIANT KOTOBUKI GLY-7. PubMed=6175602 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Yoshinaka H., Ohba Y., Hattori Y., Matsuoka M., Miyaji T., Fuyuno K.; "A new gamma chain variant, HB F Kotobuki or AI gamma 6 (A3) Glu leads to Gly."; Hemoglobin 6:37-42(1982).
[22]	VARIANT KUALA LUMPUR GLY-23. PubMed=4765089 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Lie-Injo L.E., Wiltshire B.B., Lehmann H.; "Structural identification of haemoglobin F Kuala Lumpur: alpha2 gamma2 22(B4)Asp leads to Gly; 136 Ala."; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 322:224-230(1973).
[23]	VARIANT MACEDONIA-I GLN-3. PubMed=7928382 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Plaseska D., Cepreganova-Krstik B., Momirovska A., Efremov G.D.; "Hb F-Macedonia-I or alpha 2A gamma (2)2(NA2)His-->Gln."; Hemoglobin 18:241-245(1994).
[24]	VARIANT PENDERGRASS ARG-37. PubMed=2581920 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Chen S.S., Wilson J.B., Huisman T.H.J.; "Hb F-Pendergrass, an A gamma I variant with a Pro-->Arg substitution at position gamma 36(C2)."; Hemoglobin 9:73-77(1985).
[25]	VARIANT PORDENONE GLN-7. PubMed=6183236 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Nakatsuji T., Webber B., Lam H., Wilson J.B., Huisman T.H.J., Sciarratta G.V., Sansone G., Molaro G.L.; "A new gamma chain variant: Hb F-Pordenone [gamma 6(A3) Glu replaced by Gln: 75ILE: 136ALA]."; Hemoglobin 6:397-401(1982).
[26]	VARIANT SARDINIA THR-76. PubMed=808940 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Grifone V., Kamuzora H., Lehmann H., Charlesworth D.; "A new Hb variant: Hb F Sardinia gamma75(E19) isoleucine leads to threonine found in a family with Hb G Philadelphia, beta-chain deficiency and a Lepore-like haemoglobin indistinguishable from Hb A2."; Acta Haematol. 53:347-355(1975).
[27]	VARIANT SIENA LYS-122. PubMed=6188719 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Care A., Marinucci M., Massa A., Maffi D., Sposi N.M., Improta T., Tentori L.; "Hb F-Siena (alpha 2 a gamma t2 121 (GH4) Glu leads to Lys). A new fetal hemoglobin variant."; Hemoglobin 7:79-83(1983).
[28]	VARIANT TEXAS-1 LYS-6. PubMed=6019034 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Jenkins G.C., Beale D., Black A.J., Huntsman R.G., Lehmann H.; "Haemoglobin F Texas I(alpha-2,gamma-2-5glu-lys): a variant of haemoglobin F."; Br. J. Haematol. 13:252-255(1967).
[29]	VARIANT VICTORIA JUBILEE TYR-81. PubMed=1138921 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Ahern E., Holder W., Ahern V., Serjeant G.R., Serjeant B., Forbes M., Brimhall B., Jones R.T.; "Haemoglobin F Victoria Jubilee (alpha 2 A gamma 2 80 Asp-Try)."; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 393:188-194(1975).
[30]	VARIANT WOODSTOCK LYS-41. PubMed=1802881 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Huisman T.H.J., Kutlar F., Gu L.H.; "Gamma chain abnormalities and gamma-globin gene rearrangements in newborn babies of various populations."; Hemoglobin 15:349-379(1991).
[31]	VARIANT XIN-SU HIS-74. PubMed=2448269 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Ma M., Hu H., Kutlar F., Wilson J.B., Huisman T.H.J.; "Hb F-Xin-Su or A gamma I73(E17)Asp-->His: a new slow-moving fetal hemoglobin variant."; Hemoglobin 11:473-479(1987).
[32]	VARIANT XINJIANG ARG-26. PubMed=2448268 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Hu H., Ma M.; "Hb F-Xinjiang or A gamma T25(B7)Gly-->Arg: a new slow-moving unstable fetal hemoglobin variant."; Hemoglobin 11:465-472(1987).
[33]	VARIANT YAMAGUCHI ASN-81. PubMed=6198905 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan] Nakatsuji T., Ohba Y., Huisman T.H.J.; "HB F-Yamaguchi (gamma 75Thr, gamma 80Asn, gamma 136Ala) is associated with G gamma-thalassemia."; Am. J. Hematol. 16:189-192(1984).

Comments

FUNCTION: Gamma chains make up the fetal hemoglobin F, in combination with alpha chains.
SUBUNIT: Heterotetramer of two alpha chains and two gamma chains in fetal hemoglobin (Hb F). In the case of deletions affecting one or more of the alpha chains the excess gamma chains form homotetramers that exhibit neither Bohr effect nor heme-heme cooperativity (hemoglobin Bart's).
INTERACTION:
P60520:GABARAPL2; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-1056789, EBI-720116;
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Red blood cells.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed until four or five weeks after birth.
PTM: Acetylation of Gly-2 converts Hb F to the minor Hb F1.
DISEASE: Some gamma variants can cause severe jaundice and cyanosis in premature and new born babies.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the globin family.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=HbVar; Note=Human hemoglobin variants and thalassemias; URL="http://globin.bx.psu.edu/cgi-bin/hbvar/query_vars3?mode=directlink&gene=HBG1";.

Copyright

Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL

M91036; AAB59429.1; -; Genomic_DNA.	[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
M91037; AAA58493.1; -; Genomic_DNA.	[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
V00513; CAA23771.1; -; Genomic_DNA.	[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
V00514; CAA23772.1; -; Genomic_DNA.	[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
J00176; AAA52637.1; -; Genomic_DNA.	[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
U01317; AAA16332.1; -; Genomic_DNA.	[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC010913; AAH10913.1; -; mRNA.	[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC020719; AAH20719.1; -; mRNA.	[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]

PIR

A90803; HGHUA.

UniGene

Hs.705371

3D structure databases

PDB

1I3D; X-ray; 1.70 A; A/B=1-147.	[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]
1I3E; X-ray; 1.86 A; A/B=1-147.	[ExPASy / RCSB / EBI]

Detailed list of linked structures.

PDBsum

1I3D; -.
1I3E; -.

ModBase

P69891.

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntAct

P69891; -.

PTM databases

PhosphoSite

P69891; -.

Organism-specific databases

HGNC:4831; HBG1.

142200; gene. [NCBI / EBI]

PharmGKB

PA29206; -.

GeneCards

P69891.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P69891; -.

CleanEx

HS_HBG1; -.

GermOnline

ENSG00000196565; Homo sapiens.

Ontologies

GO:0005515;	Molecular function: protein binding (inferred from physical interaction from IntAct).
QuickGo view.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR012292; Globin.
IPR000971; Globin_subset.
IPR002337; Haemoglobin_b.
Graphical view of domain structure.

Gene3D

G3DSA:1.10.490.10; Globin_related; 1.

PANTHER

PTHR11442:SF7; Beta_haem; 1.

Pfam

PF00042; Globin; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.

PRINTS

PR00814; BETAHAEM.

PROSITE

PS01033; GLOBIN; 1.
PROSITE graphical view of domain structure (profiles).

BLOCKS

P69891.

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENSG00000196565; Homo sapiens. [Contig view]

Phylogenomic databases

HOVERGEN

P69891; -.

Other

P69891; -.

HBG1; Homo sapiens.

View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.

Keywords

3D-structure; Acetylation; Direct protein sequencing; Disease mutation; Heme; Iron; Metal-binding; Oxygen transport; Polymorphism; Transport.

Features

Feature table viewer

`Key`	`From To`	`Length`	`Description`	`FTId`
`INIT_MET`	`1 1`		`Removed (By similarity).`
`CHAIN`	`2 147`	`146`	`Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1.`	`PRO_0000053253`
`METAL`	`64 64`		`Iron (heme distal ligand).`
`METAL`	`93 93`		`Iron (heme proximal ligand).`
`SITE`	`142 142`	`1`	`Susceptible to oxidation; in form M (Probable).`
`MOD_RES`	`2 2`		`N-acetylglycine; in form Hb F1.`
`VARIANT`	`3 3`	`1`	`H -> Q (in Macedonia-I).`	`VAR_003124 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`6 6`	`1`	`E -> K (in Texas-1).`	`VAR_003125 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`7 7`	`1`	`E -> G (in Izumi/Kotobuki).`	`VAR_003127 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`7 7`	`1`	`E -> Q (in Pordenone).`	`VAR_003128 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`13 13`	`1`	`T -> R (in Calluna).`	`VAR_003130 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`23 23`	`1`	`D -> G (in Kuala Lumpur).`	`VAR_003135 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`26 26`	`1`	`G -> R (in Xinjiang; unstable).`	`VAR_003138 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`37 37`	`1`	`P -> R (in Pendergrass).`	`VAR_003141 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`38 38`	`1`	`W -> G (in Cobb).`	`VAR_003142 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`40 40`	`1`	`Q -> R (in Bonaire).`	`VAR_003143 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`41 41`	`1`	`R -> K (in Woodstock).`	`VAR_003145 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`44 44`	`1`	`D -> N (in Fukuyama).`	`VAR_003147 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`54 54`	`1`	`A -> D (in Beech island).`	`VAR_003149 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`62 62`	`1`	`K -> E (in Jamaica).`	`VAR_003153 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`73 73`	`1`	`G -> R (in Iwata).`	`VAR_003158 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`74 74`	`1`	`D -> H (in Xin-su).`	`VAR_003160 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`74 74`	`1`	`D -> N (in Forest Park; associated with T-76).`	`VAR_003159 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`76 76`	`1`	`I -> T (in Sardinia/Forest Park; associated with N-74; dbSNP:rs1061234 [NCBI]).`	`VAR_003161 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`80 80`	`1`	`D -> N (in Dammam).`	`VAR_003163 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`81 81`	`1`	`D -> N (in Yamaguchi).`	`VAR_003165 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`81 81`	`1`	`D -> Y (in Victoria jubilee).`	`VAR_003164 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`98 98`	`1`	`H -> R (in Dickinson).`	`VAR_003168 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`122 122`	`1`	`E -> K (in Siena/Hull).`	`VAR_003173 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`129 129`	`1`	`A -> T (in Baskent).`	`VAR_003175 [3D]`
`VARIANT`	`135 135`	`1`	`V -> M (in Jiangsu).`	`VAR_003177 [3D]`
`HELIX`	`6 17`	`12`
`HELIX`	`21 35`	`15`
`HELIX`	`37 46`	`10`
`HELIX`	`52 57`	`6`
`HELIX`	`59 75`	`17`
`HELIX`	`76 81`	`6`
`HELIX`	`82 85`	`4`
`HELIX`	`87 94`	`8`
`TURN`	`95 97`	`3`
`HELIX`	`101 119`	`19`
`HELIX`	`120 122`	`3`
`HELIX`	`125 142`	`18`
`HELIX`	`144 146`	`3`

Sequence information

Length: 147 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor]

Molecular weight: 16140 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor]

CRC64: 8FCDC3DA1B416DDE [This is a checksum on the sequence]

        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MGHFTEEDKA TITSLWGKVN VEDAGGETLG RLLVVYPWTQ RFFDSFGNLS SASAIMGNPK 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
VKAHGKKVLT SLGDAIKHLD DLKGTFAQLS ELHCDKLHVD PENFKLLGNV LVTVLAIHFG 

       130        140 
KEFTPEVQAS WQKMVTAVAS ALSSRYH

P69891 in FASTA format

View entry in original UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot format
View entry in raw text format (no links)
Report form for errors/updates in this UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry

	BLAST submission on ExPASy/SIB or at NCBI (USA)		Sequence analysis tools: ProtParam, ProtScale, Compute pI/Mw, PeptideMass, PeptideCutter, Dotlet (Java)
	ScanProsite, MotifScan		Submit a homology modeling request to SWISS-MODEL
	NPSA Sequence analysis tools