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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot variant pages

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P21549: Variant p.Gly41Arg

Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase
Gene: AGXT
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Variant information Variant position: help 41 The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.
Type of variant: help LP/P [Disclaimer] The variants are classified into three categories: LP/P, LB/B and US.
  • LP/P: likely pathogenic or pathogenic.
  • LB/B: likely benign or benign.
  • US: uncertain significance

Residue change: help From Glycine (G) to Arginine (R) at position 41 (G41R, p.Gly41Arg). Indicates the amino acid change of the variant. The one-letter and three-letter codes for amino acids used in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot are those adopted by the commission on Biochemical Nomenclature of the IUPAC-IUB.
Physico-chemical properties: help Change from glycine (G) to large size and basic (R) The physico-chemical property of the reference and variant residues and the change implicated.
BLOSUM score: help -2 The score within a Blosum matrix for the corresponding wild-type to variant amino acid change. The log-odds score measures the logarithm for the ratio of the likelihood of two amino acids appearing by chance. The Blosum62 substitution matrix is used. This substitution matrix contains scores for all possible exchanges of one amino acid with another:
  • Lowest score: -4 (low probability of substitution).
  • Highest score: 11 (high probability of substitution).
More information can be found on the following page

Variant description: help In HP1; associated in cis with L-11 and M-340; results in loss of protein stability; loss of alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase activity; loss of dimerization; partial mitochondrial mistargeting; intraperoxisomal protein aggregation seen. Any additional useful information about the variant.
Other resources: help Links to websites of interest for the variant.


Sequence information Variant position: help 41 The position of the amino-acid change on the UniProtKB canonical protein sequence.
Protein sequence length: help 392 The length of the canonical sequence.
Location on the sequence: help PNQLLLGPGPSNLPPRIMAA G GLQMIGSMSKDMYQIMDEIK The residue change on the sequence. Unless the variant is located at the beginning or at the end of the protein sequence, both residues upstream (20) and downstream (20) of the variant will be shown.
Sequence annotation in neighborhood: help The regions or sites of interest surrounding the variant. In general the features listed are posttranslational modifications, binding sites, enzyme active sites, local secondary structure or other characteristics reported in the cited references. The "Sequence annotation in neighborhood" lines have a fixed format:
  • Type: the type of sequence feature.
  • Positions: endpoints of the sequence feature.
  • Description: contains additional information about the feature.
TypePositionsDescription
Chain 1 – 392 Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase
Helix 35 – 41



Literature citations
Enzymological and mutational analysis of a complex primary hyperoxaluria type 1 phenotype involving alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting and intraperoxisomal aggregation.
Danpure C.J.; Purdue P.E.; Fryer P.; Griffiths S.; Allsop J.; Lumb M.J.; Guttridge K.M.; Jennings P.R.; Scheinman J.I.; Mauer S.M.; Davidson N.O.;
Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53:417-432(1993)
Cited for: VARIANTS HP1 ARG-41 AND ILE-152; Primary hyperoxaluria type I: a model for multiple mutations in a monogenic disease within a distinct ethnic group.
Rinat C.; Wanders R.J.A.; Drukker A.; Halle D.; Frishberg Y.;
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10:2352-2358(1999)
Cited for: VARIANTS HP1 ARG-41; ARG-156; ARG-190; THR-244; CYS-289 AND PRO-298; Functional synergism between the most common polymorphism in human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and four of the most common disease-causing mutations.
Lumb M.J.; Danpure C.J.;
J. Biol. Chem. 275:36415-36422(2000)
Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS HP1 ARG-41; GLU-82; ILE-152; ARG-170 AND THR-244; CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LEU-11; MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-209; FUNCTION; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION; COFACTOR; SUBUNIT; BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ACTIVITY REGULATION; Intra-familial clinical heterogeneity: absence of genotype-phenotype correlation in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in Israel.
Frishberg Y.; Rinat C.; Shalata A.; Khatib I.; Feinstein S.; Becker-Cohen R.; Weismann I.; Wanders R.J.A.; Rumsby G.; Roels F.; Mandel H.;
Am. J. Nephrol. 25:269-275(2005)
Cited for: VARIANTS HP1 ARG-41; ARG-108; ARG-156; ARG-190; ARG-195; HIS-243; THR-244; MET-279; THR-287; CYS-289 AND PRO-298; VARIANT ASN-9; Consequences of missense mutations for dimerization and turnover of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase: study of a spectrum of mutations.
Coulter-Mackie M.B.; Lian Q.;
Mol. Genet. Metab. 89:349-359(2006)
Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS HP1 ARG-41; VAL-41; GLU-82; ARG-108; ASP-112; ARG-156; ARG-161; ARG-170; TYR-173; ASN-183; PHE-187; PRO-205 AND LEU-218; MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-209; SUBUNIT; Selected exonic sequencing of the AGXT gene provides a genetic diagnosis in 50% of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1.
Williams E.; Rumsby G.;
Clin. Chem. 53:1216-1221(2007)
Cited for: VARIANTS HP1 CYS-36; ARG-41; GLU-41; PRO-150; ILE-152; ARG-156; LEU-158; CYS-161; SER-161; PRO-166; ARG-170; TYR-173; CYS-233; HIS-233; THR-244 AND ARG-253; VARIANT ASN-9; CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS HP1 CYS-36; GLU-41; PRO-150; ARG-156; LEU-158; CYS-161; SER-161; PRO-166; TYR-173; CYS-233; HIS-233 AND ARG-253; CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT ASN-9; Four of the most common mutations in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 unmask the cryptic mitochondrial targeting sequence of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase encoded by the polymorphic minor allele.
Fargue S.; Lewin J.; Rumsby G.; Danpure C.J.;
J. Biol. Chem. 288:2475-2484(2013)
Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS HP1 ARG-41; ILE-152; ARG-170 AND THR-244; FUNCTION; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION; SUBUNIT;
Disclaimer: Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. They are not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnostic, treatment or care.